2.1.8 Display Types - Notes

There are two main display categories: LCD with three subtypes, and non-LCD technologies such as OLED and Mini-LED.

LCD Subtypes

Type How it works Pros Cons
IPS (In-Plane Switching) Crystals aligned parallel to the screen Best color accuracy, wide viewing angles Slower response times
TN (Twisted Nematic) Crystals twist 90 degrees to control light Fastest response times, high refresh rates Poor color, limited viewing angles
VA (Vertical Alignment) Crystals aligned vertically and tilt with voltage Better color and angles than TN Slower than TN; color shift at extreme angles

Non-LCD Technologies

Type How it works Pros Cons
OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) Each pixel emits its own light True blacks, excellent contrast and color, energy efficient Risk of burn-in from static images
Mini-LED Thousands of tiny LEDs used as the backlight Better brightness, contrast, and color than standard LCD; reduced halo effect More expensive, higher power use than OLED, and no true blacks

Key Facts to Remember