2.2.3 Motherboard CPU and System Memory Connectors - Notes
Motherboard Connectors Overview
| Connector | Purpose |
|---|---|
| CPU socket | Holds the processor |
| Memory slots (DIMMs) | Holds RAM modules |
| M.2 drive connector | Connects M.2 SSDs |
| SATA connectors | Connects storage drives |
| USB 2.0 header | Internal USB connection |
| Adapter card slots | GPU, sound cards, and other expansion devices |
| I/O ports | External USB, video, and audio |
CPU Socket
- The CPU socket has a distinctive square shape.
- Intel and AMD use different socket designs, so they are not interchangeable.
- Each motherboard supports only a limited range of CPU models.
- After installing the CPU, apply thermal paste, then attach the heat sink and fan.
Chipset
- The chipset is soldered onto the motherboard and cannot be upgraded.
- It manages data transfer between the CPU and other devices.
- It determines compatible CPUs, RAM type and maximum amount, and integrated interfaces such as video, sound, and networking.
- Unsupported interfaces can be added with adapter cards.
System Memory (RAM) Slots
- RAM is volatile and loses data when power is removed.
- RAM is packaged as DIMMs, or Dual Inline Memory Modules.
- Memory slots are near the CPU socket and are often numbered and color-coded.
- Each DDR generation, such as DDR3, DDR4, and DDR5, has its own DIMM form factor and is not cross-compatible.
DDR Generations Quick Note
| Generation | Key feature |
|---|---|
| DDR3 / DDR4 | Single 64-bit channel per DIMM |
| DDR5 | Dual 32-bit subchannels per DIMM, higher speeds, and on-DIMM power management (PMIC) |
The maximum amount of RAM is determined by the memory controller and the number of physical slots.